This is a big word for taking something you know and turning it into an estimate that you think will be pretty close to accurate.
Example #1:You can eat a slice of pizza in 5 minutes. How many slices would you eat in a hour? In 24 hours? In a year?
Example #2:You have a baby something (tree/plant/human/etc). It grows a certain number of inches in a month. How tall will it be in a year? In 10 years?
Example #3:You are driving an average of 60 mph (100 kph). How far will you drive in 10 hours? In a week?
One of the things to keep in mind with extrapolation is that it does have some serious limits! In example #1 you will eventually become too full to eat another bite, let alone another slice. In example #2 your baby cannot keep growing forever. Can you imagine the results??? Example #3 is probably the most probable, mostly if you have another driver and some way of swapping out vehicles if one breaks down…
But, this is a fun way to practice multiplication and can lead to some really funny scenarios.
You could even let it be the start of a writing project. Have them use the result of their extrapolation exercise as the start of a fun story!